Epidemiologic studies about food allergy and food sensitization in tropical countries. Results and limitations
Main Article Content
Keywords
Allergy, Atopy, Dermatitis, Epidemiology, Food, Tropic
Abstract
The variety of foods and methods of preparation are part of the cultural identity of each population, and thus the main foods that cause symptoms vary among different regions. Due to their increasing frequency, Adverse Reactions to Food (AFR) have been the subject of extensive study, especially in North America and Europe but few studies have been conducted in other areas, especially in populations located in the tropics and subtropics. In this article, we review available information on the epidemiology of food sensitization and food allergies in tropical regions and explore the different epidemiological data considering the major food involved, the underlying immune mechanism and clinical symptoms partners. In addition, we identify the possible limitations and questions that arise from studies conducted in tropical countries, which helps to generate objectives for future research.
References
1. Chen J, Hu Y, Allen KJ, Ho MH, Li H. The prevalence of food allergy in infants in Chongqing, China. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2011;22:356-60.
2. Urrego J, Luz del C, Hernández V, Marrugo J. Epidemiological factors in food allergy immunopathogenesis. Salud Uninorte. 2009;25:258.
3. Schäfer T, Böhler E, Ruhdorfer S, Weigl L, Wessner D, Heinrich J, et al. Epidemiology of food allergy/food intolerance in adults: associations with other manifestations of atopy. Allergy. 2001;56:1172-9.
4. Sampson HA. Food allergy - accurately identifying clinical reactivity. Allergy. 2005;60 Suppl. 79:19-24.
5. Sampson HA. Update on food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113:805-19, quiz 20.
6. Boyce JA, Assa’ad A, Burks AW, Jones SM, Sampson HA, Wood RA, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: report of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126 Suppl.:S1-58.
7. Sánchez J, Sánchez A. Epidemiology of food allergy in Latin America. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2015;43:185-95.
8. Boye JI. Food allergies in developing and emerging economies: need for comprehensive data on prevalence rates. Clin Transl Allergy. 2012;2:25.
9. Eigenmann PA, Sampson HA. Interpreting skin prick tests in the evaluation of food allergy in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1998;9:186-91.
10. Kjellman NI, Nilsson L. From food allergy and atopic dermatitis to respiratory allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1998;9 Suppl.:13-7.
11. Osborne NJ, Koplin JJ, Martin PE, Gurrin LC, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, et al. Prevalence of challenge-proven IgE-mediated food allergy using population-based sampling and predetermined challenge criteria in infants. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127:668-76, e1-e2.
12. Cox L, Williams B, Sicherer S, Oppenheimer J, Sher L, Hamilton R, et al. Pearls and pitfalls of allergy diagnostic testing: report from the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American Academy of Allergy. Asthma and Immunology Specific IgE Test Task Force. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008;101:580-92.
13. Katz Y. Food allergy epidemic: can we reverse the trend? Isr Med Assoc J. 2012;14:5-6.
14. Shek LP, Lee BW. Food allergy in Asia. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;6:197-201.
15. Sole D, Ivancevich JC, Borges MS, Coelho MA, Rosario NA, Ardusso LR, et al. Anaphylaxis in Latin America: a report of the online Latin American survey on anaphylaxis (OLASA). Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011;66:943-7.
16. Willits EK, Park MA, Hartz MF, Schleck CD, Weaver AL, Joshi AY. Food allergy: a comprehensive population-based cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018;93:1423-30.
17. Loh W, Tang MLK. The epidemiology of food allergy in the global context. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:9.
18. Rona RJ, Keil T, Summers C, Gislason D, Zuidmeer L, Sodergren E, et al. The prevalence of food allergy: a meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120:638-46.
19. Johansson SG, Bieber T, Dahl R, Friedmann PS, Lanier BQ, Lockey RF, et al. Revised nomenclature for allergy for global use: report of the Nomenclature Review Committee of the World Allergy Organization October 2003. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113:832-6.
20. Burney P, Summers C, Chinn S, Hooper R, van Ree R, Lidholm J. Prevalence and distribution of sensitization to foods in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey: a EuroPrevall analysis. Allergy. 2010;65:1182-8.
21. Woods RK, Abramson M, Bailey M, Walters EH. International prevalences of reported food allergies and intolerances. Comparisons arising from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) 1991-1994. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001;55:298-304.
22. Peters RL, Koplin JJ, Gurrin LC, Dharmage SC, Wake M, Ponsonby AL, et al. The prevalence of food allergy and other allergic diseases in early childhood in a population-based study: HealthNuts age 4-year follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140:145-53, e8.
23. Sole D, Jacob C, Pastorino A, Porto A, Burns D, Sarinho E, et al. Pediatricians’ knowledge on food allergy: pilot study. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2007;25:311-6.
24. Cortez A, Medeiros L, Speridiao P, Mattar R, Neto U, Mora M. Pediatricians and nutritionists knowledge about treatment of cow milk allergy in infants. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2007;25: 106-13.
25. Nwaru BI, Hickstein L, Panesar SS, Muraro A, Werfel T, Cardona V, et al. The epidemiology of food allergy in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2014;69:62-75.
26. Ling L, Ospina MB, Sideri K, Vliagoftis H. Retrospective analysis on the agreement between skin prick test and serum food specific IgE antibody results in adults with suspected food allergy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2016;12:30.
27. Avila Castanón ˜ L, Pérez López J, del Río Navarro BE, Rosas Vargas MA, Lerma Ortiz L, Sienra Monge JJ. Hypersensitivity detected by skin tests to food in allergic patients in the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Rev Alerg Mex. 2002;49:74-9.
28. Ortega EV, Vázquez MI, Tapia JG, Feria AJ. Most common allergens in allergic patients admitted into a third-level hospital. Rev Alerg Mex. 2004;51:145-50.
29. Rodríguez-Ortiz PG, Munoz-Mendoza ˜ D, Arias-Cruz A, GonzálezDíaz SN, Herrera-Castro D, Vidaurri-Ojeda AC. Epidemiological characteristics of patients with food allergy assisted at Regional Center of Allergies and Clinical Immunology of Monterrey. Rev Alerg Mex. 2009;56:185-91.
30. Ramos Morín CJ, Canseco González C. Hypersensitivity to common allergens in the central region of Coahuila. Rev Alerg Mex. 1993;40:150-4.
31. Mendez L, Paz D, Galindo J, Toriz J. Frequency of positivity skin test of allergic diseases in the Universitary Hospital of Puebla. Aler Inmunol Pediatr. 1996;5:54-6.
32. Orozco Suárez SA, Zamacona G. Allergenic flora in the Valle de México. Relation to food sensitivity of vegetal origin (I). Rev Alerg. 1991;38:88-94.
33. Rosas Vargas MA, González Reyes M, del Río Navarro BE, Avila Castanón ˜ L, Velázquez Armenta Y, Sienra Monge JJ. Allergen sensitization and asthma in children from 1 to 3 years of age. Rev Alerg Mex. 2002;49:171-5.
34. Heinzerling LM, Burbach GJ, Edenharter G, Bachert C, BindslevJensen C, Bonini S, et al. GA(2)LEN skin test study I: GA(2)LEN harmonization of skin prick testing: novel sensitization patterns for inhalant allergens in Europe. Allergy. 2009;64: 1498-506.
35. Mopan J, Sánchez J, Chinchilla C, Cardona R. Prevalence of sensitization to cow’s milk and egg among patients with suspicion of IgE mediated diseases. Rev Alerg Mex. 2015;62:41-7.
36. Martínez J, Méndez C, Talesnik E, Campos E, Viviani P, Sánchez I. Skin prick test of immediate hypersensitivity in a selected Chilean pediatric population sample. Rev Med Chil. 2005;133:195-201.
37. Hill DJ, Hosking CS, Zhie CY, Leung R, Baratwidjaja K, Iikura Y, et al. The frequency of food allergy in Australia and Asia. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997;4:101-10.
38. Levin ME, Muloiwa R, Motala C. Associations between asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness with allergy and atopy phenotypes in urban black South African teenagers. S Afr Med J. 2011;101:472-6.
39. Kung SJ, Steenhoff AP, Gray C. Food allergy in Africa: myth or reality? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2014;46:241-9.
40. Obeng BB, Amoah AS, Larbi IA, Yazdanbakhsh M, van Ree R, Boakye DA, et al. Food allergy in Ghanaian schoolchildren: data on sensitization and reported food allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011;155:63-73.
41. Gadelrab MO. The frequency of IgE antibodies specific to inhalant and food allergens in adult asthmatic patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 1999;19:447-9.
42. Aba-Alkhail BA, El-Gamal FM. Prevalence of food allergy in asthmatic patients. Saudi Med J. 2000;21:81-7.
43. Dalal I, Binson I, Reifen R, Amitai Z, Shohat T, Rahmani S, et al. Food allergy is a matter of geography after all: sesame as a major cause of severe IgE-mediated food allergic reactions among infants and young children in Israel. Allergy. 2002;57:362-5.
44. Leal F, García E, Fiorentino S, Gómez E. Sensibilización alérgica a los alimentos tropicales usados en la ablactación. Actual Pediatr. 1991;1:3-5.
45. Naspitz CK, Solé D, Jacob CA, Sarinho E, Soares FJ, Dantas V, et al. Sensitization to inhalant and food allergens in Brazilian atopic children by in vitro total and specific IgE assay. Allergy Project - PROAL. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004;80:203-10.
46. Soto-Quiros M, Gutierrez I, Calvo N, Araya C, Karlberg J, Hanson LA, et al. Allergen sensitization of asthmatic and nonasthmatic schoolchildren in Costa Rica. Allergy. 1998;53: 1141-7.
47. Riggioni O, Montiel M, Fonseca J, Jaramillo O, Carvajal E, Rosencwaig P, et al. Type I hypersensitivity to gramineae pollen (by species) in allergic rhinitis patients. Rev Biol Trop. 1994;42 Suppl. 1:71-6, 20.
48. Medina Segura E, González Díaz SN, Arias Cruz A, Canseco González C. [Clinical characteristics of atopic dermatitis in a group of patients attending to the Regional Center of Allergy and Clinical Immunology of Monterrey, Mexico]. Rev Alerg Mex. 2004;51:45-8.
49. Tassi R, Lima C, Fernandes M, Andrade M, Auns W, Mello J. Sensitization profile in atopic dermatitis patients from HSPESPto airborne and food allergens. Rev Bras Alerg Inmunopatol. 2007;30:101-6.
50. Navarro D, López C, Villalobos D, Flores L, Rodríguez R, González L, et al. Gastrointestinal simptoms in children with atopic dermatitis and its association with food allergy. Arch Venez Puericult Pediatr. 2004;67:181-6.
51. Levy SA, Dortas Junior SD, Pires AH, Abe AT, Valle SO, Coelho VP, et al. Atopy patch test (APT) in the diagnosis of food allergy in children with atopic dermatitis. An Bras Dermatol. 2012;87:724-8.
52. Estrada-Reyes E, Pardo-Castaneda ˜ MG, Toledo-Bahena ME, Lerma-Ortiz ML, del Río-Navarro B, Nava-Ocampo AA. A case-control study of food hypersensitivity, timing of weaning and family history of allergies in young children with atopic dermatitis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2007;35:101-4.
53. Leung TF, Yung E, Wong YS, Lam CW, Wong GW. Parent-reported adverse food reactions in Hong Kong Chinese pre-schoolers epidemiology, clinical spectrum and risk factors. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2009;20:339-46.
54. Marrugo J, Hernández L, Villalba V. Prevalence of self-reported food allergy in Cartagena (Colombia) population. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2008;36:320-4.
55. Lunet N, Falcão H, Sousa M, Bay N, Barros H. Self-reported food and drug allergy in Maputo, Mozambique. Public Health. 2005;119:587-9.
56. Gray CL. Food Allergy in South Africa. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17:35.
57. Allen KJ, Koplin JJ. The epidemiology of IgE-mediated food allergy and anaphylaxis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am.
2012;32:35-50.
58. Prescott S, Allen KJ. Food allergy: riding the second wave of the allergy epidemic. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2011;22:155-60.
59. Madrigal BI, Alfaro AN, Jiménez CC, González GJ. [Adverse reactions to food in daycare children]. Rev Alerg Mex. 1996;43:41-4.
60. López N, de Barros-Mazón S, Vilela MM, Silva CM, Ribeiro JD. Genetic and environmental influences on atopic immune response in early life. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 1999;9:392-8.
61. Lopez N, de Barros-Mazon S, Vilela MM, Condino Neto A, Ribeiro JD. Are immunoglobulin E levels associated with early wheezing? A prospective study in Brazilian infants. Eur Respir J. 2002;20:640-5.
62. Rullo VE, Arruda LK, Cardoso MR, Valente V, Zampolo AS, Nóbrega F, et al. Respiratory infection, exposure to mouse allergen and breastfeeding: role in recurrent wheezing in early life. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009;150:172-8.
63. Acevedo N, Sánchez J, Zakzuk J, Bornacelly A, Quiróz C, Alvarez A, et al. Particular characteristics of allergic symptoms in tropical environments: follow up to 24 months in the FRAAT birth cohort study. BMC Pulm Med. 2012;12:13.
64. Zakzuk J, Solano A, Sanchez J, Acevedo N, Bornacelly A, Caraballo L. Altered composition of gut microflora in wheezing infants from cartagena, a tropical city of Colombia. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127. AB224.
65. Bascunán ˜ Gamboa KA, Weisstaub Nuta SG, Chamorro Melo RA, Guzmán MA, Araya Quezada M. Association of dietary patterns and food allergy in infants during the first year of life. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2012;110:375-80.
66. Milanés C, Fernando J. Dietetic practice utilized in children costarricen with risk to suffer from alergic disease. Acta Pediatr Costarr. 1997;11:23-5.
67. López Pérez G, Morfín Maciel BM, Huerta López J, López López J, Rivera Pérez JL, López Medina L, et al. [Risk factors related to allergic diseases at Mexico City]. Rev Alerg Mex. 2010;57:18-25.
68. Chafen JJ, Newberry SJ, Riedl MA, Bravata DM, Maglione M, Suttorp MJ, et al. Diagnosing and managing common food allergies: a systematic review. JAMA. 2010;303:1848-56.
2. Urrego J, Luz del C, Hernández V, Marrugo J. Epidemiological factors in food allergy immunopathogenesis. Salud Uninorte. 2009;25:258.
3. Schäfer T, Böhler E, Ruhdorfer S, Weigl L, Wessner D, Heinrich J, et al. Epidemiology of food allergy/food intolerance in adults: associations with other manifestations of atopy. Allergy. 2001;56:1172-9.
4. Sampson HA. Food allergy - accurately identifying clinical reactivity. Allergy. 2005;60 Suppl. 79:19-24.
5. Sampson HA. Update on food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113:805-19, quiz 20.
6. Boyce JA, Assa’ad A, Burks AW, Jones SM, Sampson HA, Wood RA, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: report of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126 Suppl.:S1-58.
7. Sánchez J, Sánchez A. Epidemiology of food allergy in Latin America. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2015;43:185-95.
8. Boye JI. Food allergies in developing and emerging economies: need for comprehensive data on prevalence rates. Clin Transl Allergy. 2012;2:25.
9. Eigenmann PA, Sampson HA. Interpreting skin prick tests in the evaluation of food allergy in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1998;9:186-91.
10. Kjellman NI, Nilsson L. From food allergy and atopic dermatitis to respiratory allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1998;9 Suppl.:13-7.
11. Osborne NJ, Koplin JJ, Martin PE, Gurrin LC, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, et al. Prevalence of challenge-proven IgE-mediated food allergy using population-based sampling and predetermined challenge criteria in infants. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127:668-76, e1-e2.
12. Cox L, Williams B, Sicherer S, Oppenheimer J, Sher L, Hamilton R, et al. Pearls and pitfalls of allergy diagnostic testing: report from the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American Academy of Allergy. Asthma and Immunology Specific IgE Test Task Force. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008;101:580-92.
13. Katz Y. Food allergy epidemic: can we reverse the trend? Isr Med Assoc J. 2012;14:5-6.
14. Shek LP, Lee BW. Food allergy in Asia. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;6:197-201.
15. Sole D, Ivancevich JC, Borges MS, Coelho MA, Rosario NA, Ardusso LR, et al. Anaphylaxis in Latin America: a report of the online Latin American survey on anaphylaxis (OLASA). Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011;66:943-7.
16. Willits EK, Park MA, Hartz MF, Schleck CD, Weaver AL, Joshi AY. Food allergy: a comprehensive population-based cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018;93:1423-30.
17. Loh W, Tang MLK. The epidemiology of food allergy in the global context. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:9.
18. Rona RJ, Keil T, Summers C, Gislason D, Zuidmeer L, Sodergren E, et al. The prevalence of food allergy: a meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120:638-46.
19. Johansson SG, Bieber T, Dahl R, Friedmann PS, Lanier BQ, Lockey RF, et al. Revised nomenclature for allergy for global use: report of the Nomenclature Review Committee of the World Allergy Organization October 2003. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113:832-6.
20. Burney P, Summers C, Chinn S, Hooper R, van Ree R, Lidholm J. Prevalence and distribution of sensitization to foods in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey: a EuroPrevall analysis. Allergy. 2010;65:1182-8.
21. Woods RK, Abramson M, Bailey M, Walters EH. International prevalences of reported food allergies and intolerances. Comparisons arising from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) 1991-1994. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001;55:298-304.
22. Peters RL, Koplin JJ, Gurrin LC, Dharmage SC, Wake M, Ponsonby AL, et al. The prevalence of food allergy and other allergic diseases in early childhood in a population-based study: HealthNuts age 4-year follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140:145-53, e8.
23. Sole D, Jacob C, Pastorino A, Porto A, Burns D, Sarinho E, et al. Pediatricians’ knowledge on food allergy: pilot study. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2007;25:311-6.
24. Cortez A, Medeiros L, Speridiao P, Mattar R, Neto U, Mora M. Pediatricians and nutritionists knowledge about treatment of cow milk allergy in infants. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2007;25: 106-13.
25. Nwaru BI, Hickstein L, Panesar SS, Muraro A, Werfel T, Cardona V, et al. The epidemiology of food allergy in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2014;69:62-75.
26. Ling L, Ospina MB, Sideri K, Vliagoftis H. Retrospective analysis on the agreement between skin prick test and serum food specific IgE antibody results in adults with suspected food allergy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2016;12:30.
27. Avila Castanón ˜ L, Pérez López J, del Río Navarro BE, Rosas Vargas MA, Lerma Ortiz L, Sienra Monge JJ. Hypersensitivity detected by skin tests to food in allergic patients in the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Rev Alerg Mex. 2002;49:74-9.
28. Ortega EV, Vázquez MI, Tapia JG, Feria AJ. Most common allergens in allergic patients admitted into a third-level hospital. Rev Alerg Mex. 2004;51:145-50.
29. Rodríguez-Ortiz PG, Munoz-Mendoza ˜ D, Arias-Cruz A, GonzálezDíaz SN, Herrera-Castro D, Vidaurri-Ojeda AC. Epidemiological characteristics of patients with food allergy assisted at Regional Center of Allergies and Clinical Immunology of Monterrey. Rev Alerg Mex. 2009;56:185-91.
30. Ramos Morín CJ, Canseco González C. Hypersensitivity to common allergens in the central region of Coahuila. Rev Alerg Mex. 1993;40:150-4.
31. Mendez L, Paz D, Galindo J, Toriz J. Frequency of positivity skin test of allergic diseases in the Universitary Hospital of Puebla. Aler Inmunol Pediatr. 1996;5:54-6.
32. Orozco Suárez SA, Zamacona G. Allergenic flora in the Valle de México. Relation to food sensitivity of vegetal origin (I). Rev Alerg. 1991;38:88-94.
33. Rosas Vargas MA, González Reyes M, del Río Navarro BE, Avila Castanón ˜ L, Velázquez Armenta Y, Sienra Monge JJ. Allergen sensitization and asthma in children from 1 to 3 years of age. Rev Alerg Mex. 2002;49:171-5.
34. Heinzerling LM, Burbach GJ, Edenharter G, Bachert C, BindslevJensen C, Bonini S, et al. GA(2)LEN skin test study I: GA(2)LEN harmonization of skin prick testing: novel sensitization patterns for inhalant allergens in Europe. Allergy. 2009;64: 1498-506.
35. Mopan J, Sánchez J, Chinchilla C, Cardona R. Prevalence of sensitization to cow’s milk and egg among patients with suspicion of IgE mediated diseases. Rev Alerg Mex. 2015;62:41-7.
36. Martínez J, Méndez C, Talesnik E, Campos E, Viviani P, Sánchez I. Skin prick test of immediate hypersensitivity in a selected Chilean pediatric population sample. Rev Med Chil. 2005;133:195-201.
37. Hill DJ, Hosking CS, Zhie CY, Leung R, Baratwidjaja K, Iikura Y, et al. The frequency of food allergy in Australia and Asia. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997;4:101-10.
38. Levin ME, Muloiwa R, Motala C. Associations between asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness with allergy and atopy phenotypes in urban black South African teenagers. S Afr Med J. 2011;101:472-6.
39. Kung SJ, Steenhoff AP, Gray C. Food allergy in Africa: myth or reality? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2014;46:241-9.
40. Obeng BB, Amoah AS, Larbi IA, Yazdanbakhsh M, van Ree R, Boakye DA, et al. Food allergy in Ghanaian schoolchildren: data on sensitization and reported food allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011;155:63-73.
41. Gadelrab MO. The frequency of IgE antibodies specific to inhalant and food allergens in adult asthmatic patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 1999;19:447-9.
42. Aba-Alkhail BA, El-Gamal FM. Prevalence of food allergy in asthmatic patients. Saudi Med J. 2000;21:81-7.
43. Dalal I, Binson I, Reifen R, Amitai Z, Shohat T, Rahmani S, et al. Food allergy is a matter of geography after all: sesame as a major cause of severe IgE-mediated food allergic reactions among infants and young children in Israel. Allergy. 2002;57:362-5.
44. Leal F, García E, Fiorentino S, Gómez E. Sensibilización alérgica a los alimentos tropicales usados en la ablactación. Actual Pediatr. 1991;1:3-5.
45. Naspitz CK, Solé D, Jacob CA, Sarinho E, Soares FJ, Dantas V, et al. Sensitization to inhalant and food allergens in Brazilian atopic children by in vitro total and specific IgE assay. Allergy Project - PROAL. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004;80:203-10.
46. Soto-Quiros M, Gutierrez I, Calvo N, Araya C, Karlberg J, Hanson LA, et al. Allergen sensitization of asthmatic and nonasthmatic schoolchildren in Costa Rica. Allergy. 1998;53: 1141-7.
47. Riggioni O, Montiel M, Fonseca J, Jaramillo O, Carvajal E, Rosencwaig P, et al. Type I hypersensitivity to gramineae pollen (by species) in allergic rhinitis patients. Rev Biol Trop. 1994;42 Suppl. 1:71-6, 20.
48. Medina Segura E, González Díaz SN, Arias Cruz A, Canseco González C. [Clinical characteristics of atopic dermatitis in a group of patients attending to the Regional Center of Allergy and Clinical Immunology of Monterrey, Mexico]. Rev Alerg Mex. 2004;51:45-8.
49. Tassi R, Lima C, Fernandes M, Andrade M, Auns W, Mello J. Sensitization profile in atopic dermatitis patients from HSPESPto airborne and food allergens. Rev Bras Alerg Inmunopatol. 2007;30:101-6.
50. Navarro D, López C, Villalobos D, Flores L, Rodríguez R, González L, et al. Gastrointestinal simptoms in children with atopic dermatitis and its association with food allergy. Arch Venez Puericult Pediatr. 2004;67:181-6.
51. Levy SA, Dortas Junior SD, Pires AH, Abe AT, Valle SO, Coelho VP, et al. Atopy patch test (APT) in the diagnosis of food allergy in children with atopic dermatitis. An Bras Dermatol. 2012;87:724-8.
52. Estrada-Reyes E, Pardo-Castaneda ˜ MG, Toledo-Bahena ME, Lerma-Ortiz ML, del Río-Navarro B, Nava-Ocampo AA. A case-control study of food hypersensitivity, timing of weaning and family history of allergies in young children with atopic dermatitis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2007;35:101-4.
53. Leung TF, Yung E, Wong YS, Lam CW, Wong GW. Parent-reported adverse food reactions in Hong Kong Chinese pre-schoolers epidemiology, clinical spectrum and risk factors. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2009;20:339-46.
54. Marrugo J, Hernández L, Villalba V. Prevalence of self-reported food allergy in Cartagena (Colombia) population. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2008;36:320-4.
55. Lunet N, Falcão H, Sousa M, Bay N, Barros H. Self-reported food and drug allergy in Maputo, Mozambique. Public Health. 2005;119:587-9.
56. Gray CL. Food Allergy in South Africa. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17:35.
57. Allen KJ, Koplin JJ. The epidemiology of IgE-mediated food allergy and anaphylaxis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am.
2012;32:35-50.
58. Prescott S, Allen KJ. Food allergy: riding the second wave of the allergy epidemic. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2011;22:155-60.
59. Madrigal BI, Alfaro AN, Jiménez CC, González GJ. [Adverse reactions to food in daycare children]. Rev Alerg Mex. 1996;43:41-4.
60. López N, de Barros-Mazón S, Vilela MM, Silva CM, Ribeiro JD. Genetic and environmental influences on atopic immune response in early life. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 1999;9:392-8.
61. Lopez N, de Barros-Mazon S, Vilela MM, Condino Neto A, Ribeiro JD. Are immunoglobulin E levels associated with early wheezing? A prospective study in Brazilian infants. Eur Respir J. 2002;20:640-5.
62. Rullo VE, Arruda LK, Cardoso MR, Valente V, Zampolo AS, Nóbrega F, et al. Respiratory infection, exposure to mouse allergen and breastfeeding: role in recurrent wheezing in early life. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009;150:172-8.
63. Acevedo N, Sánchez J, Zakzuk J, Bornacelly A, Quiróz C, Alvarez A, et al. Particular characteristics of allergic symptoms in tropical environments: follow up to 24 months in the FRAAT birth cohort study. BMC Pulm Med. 2012;12:13.
64. Zakzuk J, Solano A, Sanchez J, Acevedo N, Bornacelly A, Caraballo L. Altered composition of gut microflora in wheezing infants from cartagena, a tropical city of Colombia. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127. AB224.
65. Bascunán ˜ Gamboa KA, Weisstaub Nuta SG, Chamorro Melo RA, Guzmán MA, Araya Quezada M. Association of dietary patterns and food allergy in infants during the first year of life. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2012;110:375-80.
66. Milanés C, Fernando J. Dietetic practice utilized in children costarricen with risk to suffer from alergic disease. Acta Pediatr Costarr. 1997;11:23-5.
67. López Pérez G, Morfín Maciel BM, Huerta López J, López López J, Rivera Pérez JL, López Medina L, et al. [Risk factors related to allergic diseases at Mexico City]. Rev Alerg Mex. 2010;57:18-25.
68. Chafen JJ, Newberry SJ, Riedl MA, Bravata DM, Maglione M, Suttorp MJ, et al. Diagnosing and managing common food allergies: a systematic review. JAMA. 2010;303:1848-56.
Article Sidebar
Published
Aug 15, 2019
Article Details
How to Cite
Sánchez, J., & Sánchez, A. (2019). Epidemiologic studies about food allergy and food sensitization in tropical countries. Results and limitations. Allergologia Et Immunopathologia, 47(4), 401-408. https://all-imm.com/index.php/aei/article/view/301
Issue
Section
Review Article
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Sánchez, J., & Sánchez, A. (2019). Epidemiologic studies about food allergy and food sensitization in tropical countries. Results and limitations. Allergologia Et Immunopathologia, 47(4), 401-408. https://all-imm.com/index.php/aei/article/view/301