Effects of probiotics in the treatment of food hypersensitivity in children: a systematic review
Main Article Content
Keywords
Probiotics, Food hypersensitivity, Child, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium
Abstract
Introduction: Food allergy is considered a public health problem for children. The modulation of the intestinal microbiota seems a promising strategy for the control of allergic reactions.
Objective: To describe the effects of different forms of probiotics in pediatric food hypersensitivity treatment.
Data source: We conducted a systematic review based on clinical trials published in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. The searches were carried out using the MeSH terms "Food Hypersensitivity," "Probiotics," "Lactobacillus," and "Bifidobacterium".
Data synthesis: The final selection resulted in 18 clinical trials, which were predominantly samples of infants and pre-school children. The most-often used strain, either alone or in combination, was Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG; a placebo was mainly used in the control group. As for the vehicle, the most common forms were capsules and infant formulas, and the period of intervention ranged from four weeks to 24 months, with weekly or monthly visits to measure the outcomes. In these 18 trials, 46 analyses were performed with 27 different types of outcomes to evaluate the effects of probiotics (12 laboratory and 15 clinical). Twenty-seven of these analyses demonstrated the benefits of using these microorganisms. The SCORAD (atopic dermatitis index) and IgE levels and cytokines were the outcomes mostly evaluated.
Conclusion: The use of probiotics is beneficial in promoting immunomodulation and reducing clinical symptoms. However, more methodologically based research is needed to clarify the effect from each type, dose, and time of using them for the establishment of definitive care protocols.
References
1. Cianferoni A, Spergel JM. Food allergy: review, classification and diagnosis. Allergol Int. 2009;8:457-66, http://dx.doi.org/10.2332/allergolint.09-RAI-0138.
2. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: report of the niaid-sponsored expert panel. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126:1-58, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.007.
3. Associac¸ão Brasileira de Alergia e Imunopatologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Alimentac¸ão e Nutric¸ão. Guia prático de diagnóstico e tratamento da Alergia às Proteínas do Leite de Vaca mediada pela imunoglobulina. E. Rev Bras Alerg Imuno Patol. 2012;35:203-33.
4. Prescott SL, Pawankar R, Allen KJ, Campbell DE, Sinn JK, Fiocchi A, et al. A global survey of changing patterns of food allergy burden in children. World Allergy Organ J. 2013;6:1-12, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1939-4551-6-21.
5. Osborne NJ, Koplin JJ, Martin PE, Gurrin LC, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, et al. Prevalence of challenge proven IgE-mediated food allergy using population-based sampling and predetermined challenge criteria in infants. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127:668-76, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.039.
6. Sicherer SH, Sampson HA. Food allergy: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:291-307, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.020.
7. Strachan DP. Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. Br Medj. 1989;299:1259-60.
8. Wold A. The hygiene hypothesy revised: is the rising frequency of allergy due to changes in the intestinal flora? Allergy. 1998;53:20-5.
9. Pascal M, Perez-Gordo M, Caballero T, Escribese MM, Longo MNL, Luengo O, et al. Microbiome and allergic diseases. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1-9.
10. Bridgman SL, Kozyrskyj AL, Scott JA, Becker AB, Azad MB. Gut microbiota and allergic disease in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;116:99-105, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2015.10.001.
11. Rachid R, Chatila TA. The role of the gut microbiota in food allergy. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2016;28:748-53, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000427.
12. Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B, et al. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nature. 2014;11:506-14.
13. Zhang G-Q, Hu H-J, Liu C-Y, Zhang Q, Shakya S, Li Z-Y. Probiotics for prevention of atopy and food hypersensitivity in early childhood: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine. 2016;95:1-10, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000002562.
14. Castellazzi A, Valsecchi C, Caimmi S, Licari A, Marseglia A, Leoni M, et al. Probiotics and food allergy. Ital J Pediatr. 2013;39:1-47, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1824-7288-39-47.
15. de Carvalho APV, Silva V, Grande AJ, Licari A. Avaliac¸ão do risco de viés de ensaios clínicos randomizados pela ferramenta da colaborac¸ão Cochrane. Diagn Tratamento. 2013;18:38-44.
16. Canani R, Sangwan N, Stefka AT, Nocerino R, Paparo L, Aitoro R, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-supplemented formula expands butyrate-producing bacterial strains in food allergic infants. ISME J. 2016;10:742-50, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2015.151.
17. Dupont C, Hol J, Nieuwenhuis EES. An extensively hydrolysed casein-based formula for infants with cows’ milk protein allergy: tolerance/hypo-allergenicity and growth catch-up. Br J Nutr. 2015;113:11012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S000711451500015X.
18. Tang MLK, Ponsonby A-L, Orsini F, Tey D, Robinson M, Su EL, et al. Administration of a probiotic with peanut oral immunotherapy: a randomized trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135:737-44, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.034.
19. Morisset M, Aubert-Jacquin C, Soulaines P, Moneret-Vautrin D-A, Dupont C. A non-hydrolyzed, fermented milk formula reduces digestive and respiratory events in infants at high risk of allergy. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011;65:175-83, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.250.
20. Canani R, Nocerino R, Terrin G, Frediani T, Lucarelli S, Cosenza L, et al. Formula selection for management of children with cow’s milk allergy influences the rate of acquisition of tolerance: a prospective multicenter study. J Pediatr. 2013;163:771-7,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.03.008.
21. Ivakhnenko ES, Nian’kovski˘ı SL. [Effect of probiotics on the dynamics of gastrointestinal symptoms of food allergy to cow’s milk protein in infants]. Georgian Med News. 2013;219:46-52.
22. Ivakhnenko O, Niankovskyy S. [Clinical effectiveness of probiotics in complex treatment of infants with cow’s milk allergy]. Georgian Med News. 2013;216:39-45.
23. Kim JY, Kwon JH, Ahn SH, Lee SI, Han YS, Choi YO, et al. Effect of probiotic mix (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus) in the primary prevention of eczema: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2010;21:386-93, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00958.x.
24. Hol J, van Leer EHG, ElinkSchuurman BEE, de Ruiter LF, Samsom JN, Hop W, et al. The acquisition of tolerance toward cow’s milk through probiotic supplementation: a randomized, controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121:1448-54, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2008.03.018.
25. Taylor AL, Dunstan JA, Prescott SL. Probiotic supplementation for the first 6 months of life fails to reduce the risk of atopic dermatitis and increases the risk of allergen sensitization in high-risk children: a randomized controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119:184-91, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.08.036.
26. Brouwer ML, Wolt-Plompen SAA, Dubois AEJ, van der Heide S, Jansen DF, Hoijer MA, et al. No effects of probiotics on atopic dermatitis in infancy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006;36:899-906, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02513.x.
27. Viljanen M, Savilahti E, Haahtela T, Juntunen-Backman K, Korpela R, Poussa T, et al. Probiotics in the treatment of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome in infants: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Allergy. 2005;60:494-500, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00514.x.
28. Viljanen M, Pohjavuori E, Haahtela T, Korpela R, Kuitunen M, Sarnesto A, et al. Induction of inflammation as a possible mechanism of probiotic effect in atopic eczema-dermatitis syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;115:1254-9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2005.03.047.
29. Viljanen M, Kuitunen M, Haahtela T, JuntunenBackman K, Korpela R, Savilahti E. Probiotic effects on faecal inflammatory markers and on faecal IgA in food allergic atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome infants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2005;16:65-71, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00224.x.
30. Pohjavuori E, Viljanen M, Korpela R, Kuitunen M, Tiittanen M, Vaarala O, et al. Lactobacillus GG effect in increasing IFN- production in infants with cow’s milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114:131-6, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2004.03.036.
31. Kirjavainen PV, Salminen SJ, Isolauri E. Probiotic bacteria in the management of atopic disease: underscoring the importance of viability. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003;36:223-7.
32. Pessi T, Sütas Y, Hurme M, Isolauri E. Interleukin-10 generation in atopic children following oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Clin Exp Allergy J Br Soc Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000;30:1804-8, http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00948.x.
33. Majamaa H, Isolauri E. Probiotics: a novel approach in the management of food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;99:179-85.
34. Braegger C, Chmielewska A, Decsi T, Kolacek S, Mihatsch W, Moreno L, et al. Supplementation of infant formula with probiotics and/or prebiotics: a systematic review and comment by the ESPGHAN Committee on nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;52:238-50, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181fb9e80.
35. Souza FS, Cocco RR, Sarni ROS, Mallozi MC, Solé D. Prebióticos, probióticos e simbióticos na prevenc¸ão e tratamento das doenc¸as alérgicas. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2010;28:86-97, http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-05822010000100014.
36. Kirjavainen PV, Apostolou E, Salminen SJ, Isolauri E. New aspects of probiotics-a novel approach in the management of food allergy. Allergy. 1999;54:909-15, http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00103.x.
37. Molloy J, Allen K, Collier F, Tang M, Ward A, Vuillermin P. The potential link between gut microbiota and IgE-mediated food allergy in early life. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013;10:7235-56, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10127235.
38. Ferrario C, Taverniti V, Milani C, Fiore W, Laureati M, De Noni I, et al. Modulation of fecal clostridiales bacteria and butyrate by probiotic intervention with Lactobacillus paracasei DG varies among healthy adults. J Nutr. 2014;144:1787-96, http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.197723.
39. Furusawa Y, Obata Y, Fukuda S, Endo TA, Nakato G, Takahashi D, et al. Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells. Nature. 2013;504:446-50, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12721.
40. Gill PA, van Zelm MC, Muir JG, Gibson PR. Review article: short-chain fatty acids as potential therapeutic agents in human gastrointestinal and inflammatory disorders. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48:15-34, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apt.14689.
41. Prescott SL, Björkstén B. Probiotics for the prevention or treatment of allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120:255-62, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2007.04.027.
42. Taddei C, Feferbaum R. Microbioma intestinal no início da vida. Forc¸a-Tarefa Nutric¸ão da Crianc¸a. 2017;3:1-32.
43. Hooper LV, Macpherson AJ. Immune adaptations that maintain homeostasis with the intestinal microbiota. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;10:159-69, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri2710.
44. Scholtens PAMJ, Oozeer R, Martin R, Amor KB, Knol J. The early settlers: intestinal microbiology in early life. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2012;3:425-47, http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-022811-101120.
45. Bogdan C, Vodovotz Y, Paik J, Xie QW, Nathan C. Mechanism of suppression of nitric oxide synthase expression by interleukin-4
in primary mouse macrophages. J Leukoc Biol. 1994;55:227-33, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlb.55.2.227.
46. Sidman CL, Marshall JD, Shultz LD, Gray PW, Johnson HM. Gamma-interferon is one of several direct B cell-maturing lymphokines. Nature. 1984;309:801-4, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/309801a0.
47. De Maeyer E, De Maeyer-Guignard J. Interferongamma. Curr Opin Immunol. 1992;4:321-6, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0952-7915(92)90083-Q.
48. Polukort SH, Rovatti J, Carlson L, Thompson C, Ser-Dolansky J, Kinney SRM, et al. IL-10 enhances IgE-mediated mast cell responses and is essential for the development of experimental food allergy in IL10---deficient mice. J Immunol. 2016;196:4865-76, http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1600066.
49. Ranadheera C, Vidanarachchi J, Rocha R, Cruz A, Ajlouni S. Probiotic delivery through fermentation: dairy vs. non-dairy beverages. Fermentation. 2017;31:1-67, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation3040067.
50. Dimidi E, Christodoulides S, Scott SM, Whelan K. Mechanisms of action of probiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota on gut motility and constipation. Adv Nutr Int Rev J. 2017;8:484-94, http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/an.116.014407.
51. Zhao Y, Yu Y-B. Intestinal microbiota and chronic constipation. Springer Plus. 2016;5:1-1130, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2821-1.
52. Heine RG. Gastroesophageal reflux disease, colic and constipation in infants with food allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;6:220-5, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.all.0000225164.06016.5d.
53. Crowe SE, Perdue MH. Gastrointestinal food hypersensitivity: basic mechanisms of pathophysiology. Gastroenterology. 1992;103:1075-95.
54. Resende ERM de A, Segundo GRS. Testes cutâneos de leitura tardia para alimentos - revisão da literatura. Rev Bras Alerg Imuno Patol. 2010;33:184-9.
55. Huang R, Ning H, Shen M, Li J, Zhang J, Chen X. Probiotics for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017;7:1-11, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00392.
2. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: report of the niaid-sponsored expert panel. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126:1-58, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.007.
3. Associac¸ão Brasileira de Alergia e Imunopatologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Alimentac¸ão e Nutric¸ão. Guia prático de diagnóstico e tratamento da Alergia às Proteínas do Leite de Vaca mediada pela imunoglobulina. E. Rev Bras Alerg Imuno Patol. 2012;35:203-33.
4. Prescott SL, Pawankar R, Allen KJ, Campbell DE, Sinn JK, Fiocchi A, et al. A global survey of changing patterns of food allergy burden in children. World Allergy Organ J. 2013;6:1-12, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1939-4551-6-21.
5. Osborne NJ, Koplin JJ, Martin PE, Gurrin LC, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, et al. Prevalence of challenge proven IgE-mediated food allergy using population-based sampling and predetermined challenge criteria in infants. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127:668-76, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.039.
6. Sicherer SH, Sampson HA. Food allergy: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:291-307, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.020.
7. Strachan DP. Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. Br Medj. 1989;299:1259-60.
8. Wold A. The hygiene hypothesy revised: is the rising frequency of allergy due to changes in the intestinal flora? Allergy. 1998;53:20-5.
9. Pascal M, Perez-Gordo M, Caballero T, Escribese MM, Longo MNL, Luengo O, et al. Microbiome and allergic diseases. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1-9.
10. Bridgman SL, Kozyrskyj AL, Scott JA, Becker AB, Azad MB. Gut microbiota and allergic disease in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;116:99-105, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2015.10.001.
11. Rachid R, Chatila TA. The role of the gut microbiota in food allergy. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2016;28:748-53, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000427.
12. Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B, et al. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nature. 2014;11:506-14.
13. Zhang G-Q, Hu H-J, Liu C-Y, Zhang Q, Shakya S, Li Z-Y. Probiotics for prevention of atopy and food hypersensitivity in early childhood: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine. 2016;95:1-10, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000002562.
14. Castellazzi A, Valsecchi C, Caimmi S, Licari A, Marseglia A, Leoni M, et al. Probiotics and food allergy. Ital J Pediatr. 2013;39:1-47, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1824-7288-39-47.
15. de Carvalho APV, Silva V, Grande AJ, Licari A. Avaliac¸ão do risco de viés de ensaios clínicos randomizados pela ferramenta da colaborac¸ão Cochrane. Diagn Tratamento. 2013;18:38-44.
16. Canani R, Sangwan N, Stefka AT, Nocerino R, Paparo L, Aitoro R, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-supplemented formula expands butyrate-producing bacterial strains in food allergic infants. ISME J. 2016;10:742-50, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2015.151.
17. Dupont C, Hol J, Nieuwenhuis EES. An extensively hydrolysed casein-based formula for infants with cows’ milk protein allergy: tolerance/hypo-allergenicity and growth catch-up. Br J Nutr. 2015;113:11012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S000711451500015X.
18. Tang MLK, Ponsonby A-L, Orsini F, Tey D, Robinson M, Su EL, et al. Administration of a probiotic with peanut oral immunotherapy: a randomized trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135:737-44, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.034.
19. Morisset M, Aubert-Jacquin C, Soulaines P, Moneret-Vautrin D-A, Dupont C. A non-hydrolyzed, fermented milk formula reduces digestive and respiratory events in infants at high risk of allergy. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011;65:175-83, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.250.
20. Canani R, Nocerino R, Terrin G, Frediani T, Lucarelli S, Cosenza L, et al. Formula selection for management of children with cow’s milk allergy influences the rate of acquisition of tolerance: a prospective multicenter study. J Pediatr. 2013;163:771-7,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.03.008.
21. Ivakhnenko ES, Nian’kovski˘ı SL. [Effect of probiotics on the dynamics of gastrointestinal symptoms of food allergy to cow’s milk protein in infants]. Georgian Med News. 2013;219:46-52.
22. Ivakhnenko O, Niankovskyy S. [Clinical effectiveness of probiotics in complex treatment of infants with cow’s milk allergy]. Georgian Med News. 2013;216:39-45.
23. Kim JY, Kwon JH, Ahn SH, Lee SI, Han YS, Choi YO, et al. Effect of probiotic mix (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus) in the primary prevention of eczema: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2010;21:386-93, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00958.x.
24. Hol J, van Leer EHG, ElinkSchuurman BEE, de Ruiter LF, Samsom JN, Hop W, et al. The acquisition of tolerance toward cow’s milk through probiotic supplementation: a randomized, controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121:1448-54, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2008.03.018.
25. Taylor AL, Dunstan JA, Prescott SL. Probiotic supplementation for the first 6 months of life fails to reduce the risk of atopic dermatitis and increases the risk of allergen sensitization in high-risk children: a randomized controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119:184-91, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.08.036.
26. Brouwer ML, Wolt-Plompen SAA, Dubois AEJ, van der Heide S, Jansen DF, Hoijer MA, et al. No effects of probiotics on atopic dermatitis in infancy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006;36:899-906, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02513.x.
27. Viljanen M, Savilahti E, Haahtela T, Juntunen-Backman K, Korpela R, Poussa T, et al. Probiotics in the treatment of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome in infants: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Allergy. 2005;60:494-500, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00514.x.
28. Viljanen M, Pohjavuori E, Haahtela T, Korpela R, Kuitunen M, Sarnesto A, et al. Induction of inflammation as a possible mechanism of probiotic effect in atopic eczema-dermatitis syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;115:1254-9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2005.03.047.
29. Viljanen M, Kuitunen M, Haahtela T, JuntunenBackman K, Korpela R, Savilahti E. Probiotic effects on faecal inflammatory markers and on faecal IgA in food allergic atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome infants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2005;16:65-71, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00224.x.
30. Pohjavuori E, Viljanen M, Korpela R, Kuitunen M, Tiittanen M, Vaarala O, et al. Lactobacillus GG effect in increasing IFN- production in infants with cow’s milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114:131-6, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2004.03.036.
31. Kirjavainen PV, Salminen SJ, Isolauri E. Probiotic bacteria in the management of atopic disease: underscoring the importance of viability. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003;36:223-7.
32. Pessi T, Sütas Y, Hurme M, Isolauri E. Interleukin-10 generation in atopic children following oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Clin Exp Allergy J Br Soc Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000;30:1804-8, http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00948.x.
33. Majamaa H, Isolauri E. Probiotics: a novel approach in the management of food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;99:179-85.
34. Braegger C, Chmielewska A, Decsi T, Kolacek S, Mihatsch W, Moreno L, et al. Supplementation of infant formula with probiotics and/or prebiotics: a systematic review and comment by the ESPGHAN Committee on nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;52:238-50, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181fb9e80.
35. Souza FS, Cocco RR, Sarni ROS, Mallozi MC, Solé D. Prebióticos, probióticos e simbióticos na prevenc¸ão e tratamento das doenc¸as alérgicas. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2010;28:86-97, http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-05822010000100014.
36. Kirjavainen PV, Apostolou E, Salminen SJ, Isolauri E. New aspects of probiotics-a novel approach in the management of food allergy. Allergy. 1999;54:909-15, http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00103.x.
37. Molloy J, Allen K, Collier F, Tang M, Ward A, Vuillermin P. The potential link between gut microbiota and IgE-mediated food allergy in early life. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013;10:7235-56, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10127235.
38. Ferrario C, Taverniti V, Milani C, Fiore W, Laureati M, De Noni I, et al. Modulation of fecal clostridiales bacteria and butyrate by probiotic intervention with Lactobacillus paracasei DG varies among healthy adults. J Nutr. 2014;144:1787-96, http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.197723.
39. Furusawa Y, Obata Y, Fukuda S, Endo TA, Nakato G, Takahashi D, et al. Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells. Nature. 2013;504:446-50, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12721.
40. Gill PA, van Zelm MC, Muir JG, Gibson PR. Review article: short-chain fatty acids as potential therapeutic agents in human gastrointestinal and inflammatory disorders. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48:15-34, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apt.14689.
41. Prescott SL, Björkstén B. Probiotics for the prevention or treatment of allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120:255-62, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2007.04.027.
42. Taddei C, Feferbaum R. Microbioma intestinal no início da vida. Forc¸a-Tarefa Nutric¸ão da Crianc¸a. 2017;3:1-32.
43. Hooper LV, Macpherson AJ. Immune adaptations that maintain homeostasis with the intestinal microbiota. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;10:159-69, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri2710.
44. Scholtens PAMJ, Oozeer R, Martin R, Amor KB, Knol J. The early settlers: intestinal microbiology in early life. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2012;3:425-47, http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-022811-101120.
45. Bogdan C, Vodovotz Y, Paik J, Xie QW, Nathan C. Mechanism of suppression of nitric oxide synthase expression by interleukin-4
in primary mouse macrophages. J Leukoc Biol. 1994;55:227-33, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlb.55.2.227.
46. Sidman CL, Marshall JD, Shultz LD, Gray PW, Johnson HM. Gamma-interferon is one of several direct B cell-maturing lymphokines. Nature. 1984;309:801-4, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/309801a0.
47. De Maeyer E, De Maeyer-Guignard J. Interferongamma. Curr Opin Immunol. 1992;4:321-6, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0952-7915(92)90083-Q.
48. Polukort SH, Rovatti J, Carlson L, Thompson C, Ser-Dolansky J, Kinney SRM, et al. IL-10 enhances IgE-mediated mast cell responses and is essential for the development of experimental food allergy in IL10---deficient mice. J Immunol. 2016;196:4865-76, http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1600066.
49. Ranadheera C, Vidanarachchi J, Rocha R, Cruz A, Ajlouni S. Probiotic delivery through fermentation: dairy vs. non-dairy beverages. Fermentation. 2017;31:1-67, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation3040067.
50. Dimidi E, Christodoulides S, Scott SM, Whelan K. Mechanisms of action of probiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota on gut motility and constipation. Adv Nutr Int Rev J. 2017;8:484-94, http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/an.116.014407.
51. Zhao Y, Yu Y-B. Intestinal microbiota and chronic constipation. Springer Plus. 2016;5:1-1130, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2821-1.
52. Heine RG. Gastroesophageal reflux disease, colic and constipation in infants with food allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;6:220-5, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.all.0000225164.06016.5d.
53. Crowe SE, Perdue MH. Gastrointestinal food hypersensitivity: basic mechanisms of pathophysiology. Gastroenterology. 1992;103:1075-95.
54. Resende ERM de A, Segundo GRS. Testes cutâneos de leitura tardia para alimentos - revisão da literatura. Rev Bras Alerg Imuno Patol. 2010;33:184-9.
55. Huang R, Ning H, Shen M, Li J, Zhang J, Chen X. Probiotics for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017;7:1-11, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00392.
Article Sidebar
Published
Jan 15, 2020
Article Details
How to Cite
dos Santos, S. C., Konstantyner, T., & Rodrigues Cocco, R. (2020). Effects of probiotics in the treatment of food hypersensitivity in children: a systematic review. Allergologia Et Immunopathologia, 48(1), 95-104. https://all-imm.com/index.php/aei/article/view/251
Section
Review Article
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
dos Santos, S. C., Konstantyner, T., & Rodrigues Cocco, R. (2020). Effects of probiotics in the treatment of food hypersensitivity in children: a systematic review. Allergologia Et Immunopathologia, 48(1), 95-104. https://all-imm.com/index.php/aei/article/view/251