Quality of life in children with food allergies, psychiatric symptoms, and caregiving burden of their mothers
Main Article Content
Keywords
anxiety, burden of care, depression, food allergy, quality of life
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of life in children with food allergies, the accompanying depression and anxiety disorders, and caregiving burden of their mothers.
Material and Methods: A total of 168 children with food allergy visiting our clinic and their mothers were included in the study group. The control group included 152 children who visited the healthy child follow-up clinic of our hospital and their mothers. Studying mothers’ opinions, the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire Parent Form (FAQLQ-PF) was used for evaluating children, and the Beck’s Depression Inventory, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory, Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, San Diego Auto-questionnaire, and Zarit Caregiver Burden Scales were used for evaluating mothers.
Results: No differences were noticed between the study and control group regarding mean age and gender distribution (P > 0.05). In the study, the FAQLQ-PF total and subscale scores of children with food allergies were determined according to the opinions of their mothers, and scores tended to increase with age (P < 0.0001). In addition, it was determined that mothers of children with food allergies had higher levels of anxiety, depression, and caregiving burden than mothers of the control group (P < 0.0001).
Conclusion: In order to develop a multidisciplinary approach for children with food allergies, we conceived as appropriate to inform their families about the difficulties of caregiving and psychosocial disorders that could develop over time. They also must be informed to take preventive measures as well as the medical aspects of their children’s disease.
References
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18. Dunn Galvin A, de BlokFlokstra BM, Burks AW, Dubois AE, Hourihane JO. Food allergy QoL questionnaire for children aged 0-12 years: Content, construct, and cross-cultural validity. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008;38(6):977–86. 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02978.x
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20. Van Der Velde JL, Flokstra-de Blok BMJ, Vlieg-Boerstra BJ, Oude Elberink JNG, Dunn Galvin A, O’B Hourihane J, et al. Development, validity and reliability of the food allergy independent measure (FAIM). Allergy. 2010;65(5):630–5. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02216.x
21. Beck AT, Steer RA, Garbin MGJ. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev. 1988;8 (1):77–100. 10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5
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23. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893–7. 10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893
24. Ulusoy M, Şahin N, Erkman H. Turkish Version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric Properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12(2):28–35.
25. Akiskal HS, Akiskal KK, Haykal RF, Manning JS, Connor PD. TEMPS-A: Progress towards validation of a self-rated clinical version of the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire. J Affect Disord. 2005;85 (1–2):3–16. 10.1016/j.jad.2004.12.001
26. Vahip S, Kesebir S, Alkan M, Yazıcı O, Akiskal KK, Akiskal HS. Affective temperaments in clinically well subjects in Turkey: Initial psychometric data on the TEMPS-A. J Affect Disord. 2005;85(1–2):113–25. 10.1016/j.jad.2003.10.011
27. Zarit S, Reever K, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feeling of burden. Gerontologist. 1980;20(6):649–55. 10.1093/geront/20.6.649
28. Özlü A, Yıldız M, Aker T. A Reliability and Validity Study on the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale. Arch Neuropsychiatry. 2009;46:38–42. (Turkish)
29. Ostblom E, Egmar AC, Gardulf A, Lilja G, Wickman M. The impact of food hypersensitivity reported in 9-year-old children by their parents on health-related quality of life. Allergy. 2008;63(2):211–8. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01559.x
30. Lebovidge JS, Stone KD, Twarog FJ, Raiselis SW, Kalish LA, Bailey EP, et al. Development of a preliminary questionnaire to assess parental response to children’s food allergies. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006;96(3):472–7. 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60916-7
31. Wassenberg J, Cochard MM, Dunngalvin A, Ballabeni P, Flokstra-de Blok BMJ, Newman CJ, et al. Parent perceived quality of life is age-dependent in children with food allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2012;23(5):412–9. 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2012.01310.x
32. Flokstra-de Blok BMJ, Dubois AE, Vlieg-Boerstra BJ, Elberink NGO, Raat H, DunnGalvin A, et al. Health-related quality of life of food allergic patients: Comparison with the general population and other diseases. Allergy. 2010;65(2):238–44. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02121.x
33. Marklund B, Ahlstedt S, Nordström G. Health-related quality of life in food hypersensitive schoolchildren and their families: Parents’ perceptions. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006;4:48. 10.1186/1477-7525-4-48
34. Indinnimeo L, Baldini L, De Vittori V, Zicari AM, De Castro G, Tancredi G, et al. Duration of a cow milk exclusion diet worsens parents’ perception of quality of life in children with food allergies. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13:203. 10.1186/1471-2431-13-203
35. Yilmaz EA, Cavkaytar O, Buyuktiryaki B, Soyer O, Sahiner UM, Sekerel BE, et al. Factors affecting food allergy-related quality of life from parents’ perception in Turkish children. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2018;10(4):379–86. 10.4168/aair.2018.10.4.379
36. Bollinger ME, Dahlquist LM, Mudd K, Sonntag C, Dillinger L, McKenna K. The impact of food allergy on the daily activities of children and their families. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006;96(3):415–21. 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60908-8
37. Mandell D, Curtis R, Gold M, Hardie S. Anaphylaxis: How do you live with it? Health Soc Work. 2005;30(4):325–35. 10.1093/hsw/30.4.325
38. Beken B, Celik V, Gokmirza Ozdemir P, Sut N, Gorker I, Yazicioglu M. Maternal anxiety, and internet-based food elimination in suspected food allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2019;30(7):752–9. 10.1111/pai.13100
39. Birdi G, Cooke R, Knibb R. Quality of life, stress, and mental health in parents of children with parentally diagnosed food allergy compared to medically diagnosed and health controls. J Allergy (Cairo). 2016;2016:1497375. 10.1155/2016/1497375
40. Goodwin RD, Rodgin S, Goldman R, Rodriguez J, deVos G, Serebrisky D, et al. Food allergy and anxiety and depression among ethnic minority children and their caregivers. J Pediatr. 2017;187:258–64. 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.055
41. Akiskal HS, Mallya G. Criteria for the “soft” bipolar spectrum: Treatment implications. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1987;23(1):68–73.
42. Akiskal HS. Toward a definition of generalized anxiety disorder as an anxious temperament type. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1998;393:66–73. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb05969.x
43. Gillespie CA, Woodgate RL, Chalmers KI, Watson WT. Living with risk: Mothering a child with food-induced anaphylaxis. J Pediatr Nurs. 2007;22(1):30–42. 10.1016/j.pedn.2006.05.007
44. Hoehn JL, Dahlquist LM, Hahn AL, Bollinger ME. Parents of children with food allergy: Gender differences in perceived impact and perceived food allergy severity. J Pediatr Psychol. 2017;42(2):186–97. 10.1093/jpepsy/jsw059
45. Howe L, Franxman T, Teich E, Greenhawt M. What affects quality of life among caregivers of food-allergic children? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014; 113(1):69–74. 10.1016/j.anai.2014.04.016
2. Muraro A, Werfel T, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Roberts G, Beyer K, Bindslev-Jensen C, et al. EAACI food allergy and anaphylaxis guidelines: Diagnosis and management of food allergy. Allergy. 2014;69(8):1008–25. 10.1111/all.12429
3. Walkner M, Warren C, Gupta RS. Quality of life in food allergy patients and their families. Pediatr Clin N Am. 2015;62(6):1453–61. 10.1016/j.pcl.2015.07.003
4. Avery NJ, King RM, Knight S, Hourihane JOB. Assessment of quality of life in children with peanut allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2003;14(5):378–82. 10.1034/j.1399-3038.2003.00072.x
5. Sicherer SH, Noone SA, Munoz-Furlong A. The impact of childhood food allergy on quality of life. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001;87(6):461–44. 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62258-2
6. Primeau MN, Kagan R, Joseph L, Lim H, Dufresne C, Duffy C, et al. The psychological burden of peanut allergy as perceived by adults with peanut allergy and the parents of peanut--allergic children. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000;30(8):1135–43. 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00889.x
7. Cummings AJ, Knibb RC, King RM, Lucas JS. The psychosocial impact of food allergy and food hypersensitivity in children, adolescents and their families: A review. Allergy. 2010;65(8):933–45. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02342.x
8. Polloni L, Muraro A. Anxiety and food allergy: A review of the last two decades. Clin Exp Allergy. 2020;50(4):420–41. 10.1111/cea.13548
9. King RM, Knibb RC, Hourihane JO. Impact of peanut allergy on quality of life, stress, and anxiety in the family. Allergy. 2009;64(3):461–8. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01843.x
10. Knibb RC, Semper HM. Anxiety and depression in parents with food allergic children before and after food allergy diagnosis. Psychol Health. 2008;23 (Suppl 1):161.
11. Dunn Galvin A, Treneva M, Pampura A, Grebenko A, Makatsori M, Munblit D. Quality of life associated with maternal anxiety disorder in Russian children and adolescents with food allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2020;31(1):78–84. 10.1111/pai.13130
12. Lau GY, Patel N, Umasunthar T, Gore C, Warner JO, Hanna H, et al. Anxiety and stress in mothers of food-allergic children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014;25(3):236–42. 10.1111/pai.12203
13. Komulainen K. Parental burden in families with a young food-allergic child. Child Care Pract. 2010;16(3):287–302. 10.1080/13575271003752248
14. Warren CM, Gupta RS, Sohn MW, Oh EH, Lal N, Garfield CF, et al. Differences in empowerment and quality of life among parents of children with food allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;114(2):117–25. 10.1016/j.anai.2014.10.025
15. Allen CW, Bidarkar MS, van Nunen SA, Campbell DE. Factors impacting parental burden in food-allergic children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2015;51(7):696–8. 10.1111/jpc.12794
16. Simons FE, Ardusso LR, Dimov V, Ebisawa M, El-Gamal YM, Lockey RF, et al. World Allergy Organization Anaphylaxis Guidelines: 2013 update of the evidence base. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013;162(3):193–204. 10.1159/000354543
17. Host A, Andrae S, Charkin S, Diaz-Vázquez C, Dreborg S, Eigenmann PA, et al. Allergy testing in children: Why, who, when and how? Allergy. 2003:58(7):559–69. 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00238.x
18. Dunn Galvin A, de BlokFlokstra BM, Burks AW, Dubois AE, Hourihane JO. Food allergy QoL questionnaire for children aged 0-12 years: Content, construct, and cross-cultural validity. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008;38(6):977–86. 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02978.x
19. Yilmaz EA, Cavkaytar O, Buyuktiryaki B, Soyer O, Sahiner UM, Sekerel BE, et al. Factors affecting food allergy-related quality of life from parents’ perception in Turkish children. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2018;10(4):379–86. 10.4168/aair.2018.10.4.379
20. Van Der Velde JL, Flokstra-de Blok BMJ, Vlieg-Boerstra BJ, Oude Elberink JNG, Dunn Galvin A, O’B Hourihane J, et al. Development, validity and reliability of the food allergy independent measure (FAIM). Allergy. 2010;65(5):630–5. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02216.x
21. Beck AT, Steer RA, Garbin MGJ. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev. 1988;8 (1):77–100. 10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5
22. Hisli N. Validity and Reliability of Beck Depression Inventory for University Students. J Psychol. 1989;7(23):3–13. (Turkish)
23. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893–7. 10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893
24. Ulusoy M, Şahin N, Erkman H. Turkish Version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric Properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12(2):28–35.
25. Akiskal HS, Akiskal KK, Haykal RF, Manning JS, Connor PD. TEMPS-A: Progress towards validation of a self-rated clinical version of the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire. J Affect Disord. 2005;85 (1–2):3–16. 10.1016/j.jad.2004.12.001
26. Vahip S, Kesebir S, Alkan M, Yazıcı O, Akiskal KK, Akiskal HS. Affective temperaments in clinically well subjects in Turkey: Initial psychometric data on the TEMPS-A. J Affect Disord. 2005;85(1–2):113–25. 10.1016/j.jad.2003.10.011
27. Zarit S, Reever K, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feeling of burden. Gerontologist. 1980;20(6):649–55. 10.1093/geront/20.6.649
28. Özlü A, Yıldız M, Aker T. A Reliability and Validity Study on the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale. Arch Neuropsychiatry. 2009;46:38–42. (Turkish)
29. Ostblom E, Egmar AC, Gardulf A, Lilja G, Wickman M. The impact of food hypersensitivity reported in 9-year-old children by their parents on health-related quality of life. Allergy. 2008;63(2):211–8. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01559.x
30. Lebovidge JS, Stone KD, Twarog FJ, Raiselis SW, Kalish LA, Bailey EP, et al. Development of a preliminary questionnaire to assess parental response to children’s food allergies. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006;96(3):472–7. 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60916-7
31. Wassenberg J, Cochard MM, Dunngalvin A, Ballabeni P, Flokstra-de Blok BMJ, Newman CJ, et al. Parent perceived quality of life is age-dependent in children with food allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2012;23(5):412–9. 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2012.01310.x
32. Flokstra-de Blok BMJ, Dubois AE, Vlieg-Boerstra BJ, Elberink NGO, Raat H, DunnGalvin A, et al. Health-related quality of life of food allergic patients: Comparison with the general population and other diseases. Allergy. 2010;65(2):238–44. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02121.x
33. Marklund B, Ahlstedt S, Nordström G. Health-related quality of life in food hypersensitive schoolchildren and their families: Parents’ perceptions. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006;4:48. 10.1186/1477-7525-4-48
34. Indinnimeo L, Baldini L, De Vittori V, Zicari AM, De Castro G, Tancredi G, et al. Duration of a cow milk exclusion diet worsens parents’ perception of quality of life in children with food allergies. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13:203. 10.1186/1471-2431-13-203
35. Yilmaz EA, Cavkaytar O, Buyuktiryaki B, Soyer O, Sahiner UM, Sekerel BE, et al. Factors affecting food allergy-related quality of life from parents’ perception in Turkish children. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2018;10(4):379–86. 10.4168/aair.2018.10.4.379
36. Bollinger ME, Dahlquist LM, Mudd K, Sonntag C, Dillinger L, McKenna K. The impact of food allergy on the daily activities of children and their families. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006;96(3):415–21. 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60908-8
37. Mandell D, Curtis R, Gold M, Hardie S. Anaphylaxis: How do you live with it? Health Soc Work. 2005;30(4):325–35. 10.1093/hsw/30.4.325
38. Beken B, Celik V, Gokmirza Ozdemir P, Sut N, Gorker I, Yazicioglu M. Maternal anxiety, and internet-based food elimination in suspected food allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2019;30(7):752–9. 10.1111/pai.13100
39. Birdi G, Cooke R, Knibb R. Quality of life, stress, and mental health in parents of children with parentally diagnosed food allergy compared to medically diagnosed and health controls. J Allergy (Cairo). 2016;2016:1497375. 10.1155/2016/1497375
40. Goodwin RD, Rodgin S, Goldman R, Rodriguez J, deVos G, Serebrisky D, et al. Food allergy and anxiety and depression among ethnic minority children and their caregivers. J Pediatr. 2017;187:258–64. 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.055
41. Akiskal HS, Mallya G. Criteria for the “soft” bipolar spectrum: Treatment implications. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1987;23(1):68–73.
42. Akiskal HS. Toward a definition of generalized anxiety disorder as an anxious temperament type. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1998;393:66–73. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb05969.x
43. Gillespie CA, Woodgate RL, Chalmers KI, Watson WT. Living with risk: Mothering a child with food-induced anaphylaxis. J Pediatr Nurs. 2007;22(1):30–42. 10.1016/j.pedn.2006.05.007
44. Hoehn JL, Dahlquist LM, Hahn AL, Bollinger ME. Parents of children with food allergy: Gender differences in perceived impact and perceived food allergy severity. J Pediatr Psychol. 2017;42(2):186–97. 10.1093/jpepsy/jsw059
45. Howe L, Franxman T, Teich E, Greenhawt M. What affects quality of life among caregivers of food-allergic children? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014; 113(1):69–74. 10.1016/j.anai.2014.04.016
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Sep 1, 2023
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Kılıç, N., Kaya, Şuheda, Taşçı, G., Özsoy, F., & Kılıç, M. (2023). Quality of life in children with food allergies, psychiatric symptoms, and caregiving burden of their mothers. Allergologia Et Immunopathologia, 51(5), 48-56. https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v51i5.860
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How to Cite
Kılıç, N., Kaya, Şuheda, Taşçı, G., Özsoy, F., & Kılıç, M. (2023). Quality of life in children with food allergies, psychiatric symptoms, and caregiving burden of their mothers. Allergologia Et Immunopathologia, 51(5), 48-56. https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v51i5.860