6-Gingerol, a functional polyphenol of ginger, reduces pulmonary fibrosis by activating Sirtuin1
Main Article Content
Keywords
6-gingerol, SIRT1, pulmonary fibrosis, MRC-5 cells, ginger
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis in general is the final common outcome of various interstitial lung diseases. In recent years, the incidence of pulmonary fibrosis has been rising with poor prognosis. 6-gingerol is deemed as a functional polyphenol of ginger. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 6-gingerol, on pulmonary fibrosis. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, bleomycin, bleomycin + 6-gingerol 100 mg/kg, bleomycin + 6-gingerol 250 mg/kg, and the survival rates of the groups were recorded. Pathological and fibrotic changes in the lungs were identified by H&E and Masson staining, respectively. The levels of hydroxyproline and protein deposited in lung tissues were then, respectively, determined by colorimetry and western blotting. Subsequently, the proportion of cells and inflammatory factors in the alveolar lavage fluid were estimated. Following the identification of the possibility of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in the pharmacological mechanism through molecular docking and western blotting, human embryonic lung fibroblasts MRC-5 were treated with TGF-β1 and SIRT1 inhibitor to study the role of SIRT1 in the regulatory effect of 6-gingerol. From the results, 6-gingerol was found to increase the survival rate of mice and reduce lung pathology and fibrosis in mice. And, it significantly reduced the levels of hydroxyproline and the proteins deposited in lung tissues. Moreover, the number of neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and the levels of inflammatory factors in the alveolar lavage fluid were also reduced. SIRT1 inhibitor blocked the function of 6-gingerol to inhibit fibrosis. To sum up, 6-gingerol relieves pulmonary fibrosis via activating SIRT1. This finding expands the pharmacological effect of 6-gingerol, and it is expected to advance the development of treatments for pulmonary fibrosis.
References
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40. Li T, Zhang J, Feng J, Li Q, Wu L, Ye Q, et al. Resveratrol reduces acute lung injury in a LPS-induced sepsis mouse model via activation of Sirt1. Mol Med Rep. 2013 Jun;7(6):1889–1895. 10.3892/mmr.2013.1444
41. Liu X, Zhao H, Jin Q, You W, Cheng H, Liu Y, et al. Resveratrol induces apoptosis and inhibits adipogenesis by stimulating the SIRT1-AMPKα-FOXO1 signalling pathway in bovine intramuscular adipocytes. Mol Cell Biochem. 2018 Feb;439(1–2):213–223. 10.1007/s11010-017-3149-z
42. Wang W, Lin Q, Lin R, Zhang J, Ren F, Zhang J, et al. PPARα agonist fenofibrate attenuates TNF-α-induced CD40 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via the SIRT1-dependent signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res. 2013 Jun;319(10):1523–1533. 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.04.007
43. Su GC, Yeh HY, Lin SW, Chung CI, Huang YS, Liu YC, et al. Role of the RAD51-SWI5-SFR1 ensemble in homologous recombination. Nucl Acids Res. 2016 Jul;44(13):6242–6251. 10.1093/nar/gkw375
2. Li XH, Luo ZQ. [Research progress of endogenous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in pulmonary fibrosis]. Sheng li xue bao: [Acta Physiol Sinica]. 2020 Oct;72(5):597–604.
3. Belloli EA, Beckford R, Hadley R, Flaherty KR. Idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia. Respirology (Carlton, Vic). 2016 Feb 21(2):259–268. 10.1111/resp.12674
4. McLean-Tooke A, Moore I, Lake F. Idiopathic and immune-related pulmonary fibrosis: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Clin Transl Immunol. 2019;8(11):e1086. 10.1002/cti2.1086
5. Adegunsoye A, Vij R, Noth I. Integrating genomics into management of fibrotic interstitial lung disease. Chest. 2019 May;155(5):1026–1040. 10.1016/j.chest.2018.12.011
6. Cottin V, Wollin L, Fischer A, Quaresma M, Stowasser S, Harari S. Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: knowns and unknowns. Eur Respir Rev. 2019 Mar;28(151):180100. 10.1183/16000617.0100-2018
7. Kolb M, Bondue B, Pesci A, Miyazaki Y, Song JW, Bhatt NY, et al. Acute exacerbations of progressive-fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir Rev. 2018 Dec;27(150):180071. 10.1183/16000617.0071-2018
8. Nwafor EO, Lu P, Liu Y, Peng H, Qin H, Zhang K, et al. Active components from traditional herbal medicine for the potential therapeutics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systemic review. Am J Chin Med. 2021;49(5):1093–1114. 10.1142/S0192415X2150052X
9. Snijder J, Peraza J, Padilla M, Capaccione K, Salvatore MM. Pulmonary fibrosis: a disease of alveolar collapse and collagen deposition. Exp Rev Respir Med. 2019 Jul;13(7):615–619. 10.1080/17476348.2019.1623028
10. Hewitt RJ, Maher TM. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: new and emerging treatment options. Drugs Aging. 2019 Jun;36(6):485–492. 10.1007/s40266-019-00647-y
11. Haniadka R, Saldanha E, Sunita V, Palatty PL, Fayad R, Baliga MS. A review of the gastroprotective effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Food Funct. 2013 Jun;4(6):845–855. 10.1039/c3fo30337c
12. Semwal RB, Semwal DK, Combrinck S, Viljoen AM. Gingerols and shogaols: important nutraceutical principles from ginger. Phytochemistry. 2015 Sep;117:554–568. 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.07.012
13. Kato A, Higuchi Y, Goto H, Kizu H, Okamoto T, Asano N, et al. Inhibitory effects of Zingiber officinale Roscoe derived components on aldose reductase activity in vitro and in vivo. J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Sep;54(18):6640–6644. 10.1021/jf061599a
14. Wei QY, Ma JP, Cai YJ, Yang L, Liu ZL. Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of diarylheptanoids and gingerol-related compounds from the rhizome of Chinese ginger. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Nov;102(2):177–184. 10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.043
15. Yao J, Du Z, Li Z, Zhang S, Lin Y, Li H, et al. 6-Gingerol as an arginase inhibitor prevents urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis by reprogramming tumor supporting M2 macrophages to M1 phenotype. Food Funct. 2018 Sep;9(9):4611–4620. 10.1039/C8FO01147H
16. Hasani H, Arab A, Hadi A, Pourmasoumi M, Ghavami A, Miraghajani M. Does ginger supplementation lower blood pressure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytother Res. 2019 Jun;33(6):1639–1647. 10.1002/ptr.6362
17. Tramontin NDS, Luciano TF, Marques SO, de Souza CT, Muller AP. Ginger and avocado as nutraceuticals for obesity and its comorbidities. Phytother Res. 2020 Jun;34(6):1282–1290. 10.1002/ptr.6619
18. Choi JG, Kim SY, Jeong M, Oh MS. Pharmacotherapeutic potential of ginger and its compounds in age-related neurological disorders. Pharmacol Therap. 2018 Feb;182:56–69. 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.010
19. Wang X, Shen Y, Thakur K, Han J, Zhang JG, Hu F, et al. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of ginger essential oil against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020 Aug 25(17):3955. 10.3390/molecules25173955
20. Han X, Liu P, Liu M, Wei Z, Fan S, Wang X, et al. [6]-Gingerol ameliorates ISO-induced myocardial fibrosis by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis through inhibition of TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2020 Jul;64(13):e2000003. 10.1002/mnfr.202000003
21. Liu T, De Los Santos FG, Phan SH. The bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1627:27–42. 10.1007/978-1-4939-7113-8_2
22. Kolahian S, Fernandez IE, Eickelberg O, Hartl D. Immune mechanisms in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016 Sep;55(3):309–322. 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0121TR
23. Lee YS, Min D, Park SY, Lee J, Bae H. Standardized herbal extract PM014 alleviates fine dust-induced lung inflammation in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020 Sep;20(1):270. 10.1186/s12906-020-03060-w
24. Kreuter M, Lee JS, Tzouvelekis A, Oldham JM, Molyneaux PL, Weycker D, et al. Monocyte count as a prognostic biomarker in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021 Jul;204(1):74–81. 10.1164/rccm.202003-0669OC
25. Gieseck RL, 3rd, Wilson MS, Wynn TA. Type 2 immunity in tissue repair and fibrosis. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018 Jan;18(1):62–76. 10.1038/nri.2017.90
26. Nanri Y, Nunomura S, Terasaki Y, Yoshihara T, Hirano Y, Yokosaki Y, et al. Cross-talk between transforming growth factor-β and periostin can be targeted for pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2020 Feb;62(2):204–216. 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0245OC
27. Kishaba T. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania). 2019 Mar 55(3):70. 10.3390/medicina55030070
28. Patterson KC, Strek ME. Pulmonary fibrosis in sarcoidosis. Clinical features and outcomes. Ann Am Thoracic Soc. 2013 Aug 10(4):362–370. 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201303-069FR
29. Glass DS, Grossfeld D, Renna HA, Agarwala P, Spiegler P, Kasselman LJ, et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: molecular mechanisms and potential treatment approaches. Respir Investig. 2020 Sep;58(5):320–335. 10.1016/j.resinv.2020.04.002
30. Wakwaya Y, Brown KK. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: epidemiology, diagnosis and outcomes. Am J Med Sci. 2019 May;357(5):359–369. 10.1016/j.amjms.2019.02.013
31. Maher TM, Strek ME. Antifibrotic therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: time to treat. Respir Res. 2019 Sep;20(1):205. 10.1186/s12931-019-1161-4
32. Somogyi V, Chaudhuri N, Torrisi SE, Kahn N, Müller V, Kreuter M. The therapy of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: what is next? Eur Respir Rev. 2019 Sep;28(153):190021. 10.1183/16000617.0021-2019
33. Faverio P, De Giacomi F, Sardella L, Fiorentino G, Carone M, Salerno F, et al. Management of acute respiratory failure in interstitial lung diseases: overview and clinical insights. BMC Pulm Med. 2018 May;18(1):70. 10.1186/s12890-018-0643-3
34. Schaffer JM, Singh SK, Reitz BA, Zamanian RT, Mallidi HR. Single-vs double-lung transplantation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis since the implementation of lung allocation based on medical need. JAMA. 2015 Mar;313(9):936–948. 10.1001/jama.2015.1175
35. Sheng Y, Wu T, Dai Y, Xu L, Zhong Y, Xue Y, et al. 6-gingerol alleviates inflammatory injury in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mice by regulating NF-κB signaling. Ann Palliat Med. 2020 Jul;9(4):1944–1952. 10.21037/apm-20-903
36. Hong MK, Hu LL, Zhang YX, Xu YL, Liu XY, He PK, et al. 6-Gingerol ameliorates sepsis-induced liver injury through the Nrf2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Mar;80:106196. 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106196
37. Algandaby MM, El-Halawany AM, Abdallah HM, Alahdal AM, Nagy AA, Ashour OM, et al. Gingerol protects against experimental liver fibrosis in rats via suppression of pro-inflammatory and profibrogenic mediators. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2016 Apr;389(4):419–428. 10.1007/s00210-016-1210-1
38. Chen C, Zhou M, Ge Y, Wang X. SIRT1 and aging related signaling pathways. Mech Ageing Dev. 2020 Apr;187:111215. 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111215
39. Conti V, Corbi G, Manzo V, Malangone P, Vitale C, Maglio A, et al. SIRT1 activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with altered lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018:9391261. 10.1155/2018/9391261
40. Li T, Zhang J, Feng J, Li Q, Wu L, Ye Q, et al. Resveratrol reduces acute lung injury in a LPS-induced sepsis mouse model via activation of Sirt1. Mol Med Rep. 2013 Jun;7(6):1889–1895. 10.3892/mmr.2013.1444
41. Liu X, Zhao H, Jin Q, You W, Cheng H, Liu Y, et al. Resveratrol induces apoptosis and inhibits adipogenesis by stimulating the SIRT1-AMPKα-FOXO1 signalling pathway in bovine intramuscular adipocytes. Mol Cell Biochem. 2018 Feb;439(1–2):213–223. 10.1007/s11010-017-3149-z
42. Wang W, Lin Q, Lin R, Zhang J, Ren F, Zhang J, et al. PPARα agonist fenofibrate attenuates TNF-α-induced CD40 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via the SIRT1-dependent signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res. 2013 Jun;319(10):1523–1533. 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.04.007
43. Su GC, Yeh HY, Lin SW, Chung CI, Huang YS, Liu YC, et al. Role of the RAD51-SWI5-SFR1 ensemble in homologous recombination. Nucl Acids Res. 2016 Jul;44(13):6242–6251. 10.1093/nar/gkw375
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Mar 1, 2022
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Liu, L., Yu, N., Leng, W., Lu, Y., Xia, X., & Yuan, H. (2022). 6-Gingerol, a functional polyphenol of ginger, reduces pulmonary fibrosis by activating Sirtuin1. Allergologia Et Immunopathologia, 50(2), 104-114. https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v50i2.533
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How to Cite
Liu, L., Yu, N., Leng, W., Lu, Y., Xia, X., & Yuan, H. (2022). 6-Gingerol, a functional polyphenol of ginger, reduces pulmonary fibrosis by activating Sirtuin1. Allergologia Et Immunopathologia, 50(2), 104-114. https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v50i2.533