CXCL16 deficiency alleviates ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice
Main Article Content
Keywords
allergic rhinitis, CXCL16, inflammation, NF-κB
Abstract
Purpose: Research has indicated that individuals with allergic rhinitis exhibit elevated levels of CXCL16 expression in their serum. This study aims to illustrate the role of CXCL16 and its associated mechanisms in mice suffering from allergic rhinitis.
Methods: An allergic rhinitis model was established by injecting ovalbumin (OVA) into mice, and the expression of CXCL16 mRNA and protein in nasal mucosal tissue was measured. The frequency of nose rubbing and sneezing in each group of mice was recorded. Serum levels of IgE and IgG1 were also assessed. Th2 cell-related factors in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (NALF) were analyzed. Histological staining was used to examine pathological changes in the nasal and lung tissues. The expression levels of p-p65, p65, p-IκBα, and IκBα proteins in nasal tissues were evaluated using western blot.
Results: CXCL16 expression was elevated in OVA-induced allergic rhinitis mice. CXCL16 knockout reduced the frequency of nose wiping and sneezing in OVA-induced mice and suppressed the levels of IgE and IgG1. Furthermore, CXCL16 knockout led to a decrease in both the number of inflammatory cells and the levels of inflammatory factors in NALF. Histological staining revealed that CXCL16 knockout alleviated pathological tissue changes and goblet cell hyperplasia. Additionally, CXCL16 knockout suppressed the expression of p-p65/p65 and p-IκBα in nasal tissues, while increasing the expression of IκBα.
Conclusion: CXCL16 deficiency alleviates allergic rhinitis.
References
2 Yu ZN, Fan YJ, Nguyen TV, Piao CH, Lee BH, Lee SY, et al. Undaria pinnatifida ameliorates nasal inflammation by inhibiting eosinophil and mast cell activation and modulating the NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2024;12(3):e1215. 10.1002/iid3.1215
3 Piao CH, Fan YJ, Nguyen TV, Song CH, Chai OH. Mangiferin Alleviates Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis via Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(10). 10.3390/ijms21103415
4 Zhang W, Hua T, Li J, Zheng L, Wang Y, Xu M, et al. CXCL16 is activated by p-JNK and is involved in H(2)O(2)-induced HK-2 cell injury via p-ERK signaling. Am J Transl Res. 2018;10(11):3723-32.
5 Lepore F, D’Alessandro G, Antonangeli F, Santoro A, Esposito V, Limatola C, et al. CXCL16/CXCR6 Axis Drives Microglia/Macrophages Phenotype in Physiological Conditions and Plays a Crucial Role in Glioma. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2750. 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02750
6 Wang H, Shao Y, Zhang S, Xie A, Ye Y, Shi L, et al. CXCL16 deficiency attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through decreasing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 2017;49(6):541-9. 10.1093/abbs/gmx040
7 Dingyi L, Libin H, Jifeng P, Ding Z, Yulong L, Zhangyi W, et al. Silencing CXCL16 alleviate neuroinflammation and M1 microglial polarization in mouse brain hemorrhage model and BV2 cell model through PI3K/AKT pathway. Exp Brain Res. 2024;242(8):1917-32. 10.1007/s00221-024-06875-y
8 Zhang J, Hao W, Zhang J, Li T, Ma Y, Wang Y, et al. CXCL16 Promotes Ly6Chigh Monocyte Infiltration and Impairs Heart Function after Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Immunol. 2023;210(6):820-31. 10.4049/jimmunol.2200249
9 Zhang Y, Li J, Si Y. Changes of serum CXCL16 and ANCA levels in allergic rhinitis and their clinical significance. Int J Lab Med. 2024;12:330-4.
10 Chen F, He D, Yan B. Apigenin Attenuates Allergic Responses of Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis Through Modulation of Th1/Th2 Responses in Experimental Mice. Dose Response. 2020;18(1):1559325820904799. 10.1177/1559325820904799
11 Chen Q, Shao L, Li Y, Dai M, Liu H, Xiang N, et al. Tanshinone IIA alleviates ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis symptoms by inhibiting Th2 cytokine production and mast cell histamine release in mice. Pharm Biol. 2022;60(1):326-33. 10.1080/13880209.2022.2034894
12 Xia Y, Entman ML, Wang Y. Critical role of CXCL16 in hypertensive kidney injury and fibrosis. Hypertension. 2013;62(6):1129-37. 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01837
13 Liu TT, Zhang Z, Deng J, Shi CY, Zheng S, Jia LX, et al. CXCL16 knockout inhibit asthma airway inflammation by suppressing H2-DM molecular mediated antigen presentation. Cell Death Discov. 2025;11(1):90. 10.1038/s41420-025-02371-6
14 Dong F, Tan J, Zheng Y. Chlorogenic Acid Alleviates Allergic Inflammatory Responses Through Regulating Th1/Th2 Balance in Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis Mice. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e923358. 10.12659/MSM.923358
15 Jin J, Fan YJ, Nguyen TV, Yu ZN, Song CH, Lee SY, et al. Fallopia japonica Root Extract Ameliorates Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Inflammation in a CARAS Mouse Model by Modulating the IL-33/TSLP/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(15). 10.3390/ijms241512514
