Effect of Allium cepa extract on total and differential WBC, TP level, oxidant and antioxidant biomarkers, and lung pathology in ovalbumin-sensitized rats
Main Article Content
Keywords
Allium cepa, sensitized rat, white blood cells, oxidative stress, lung pathology
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that Allium cepa (A. cepa) has relaxant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this research, A. cepa extract was examined for its prophylactic effect on lung inflammation and oxidative stress in sensitized rats.
Methods: Total and differential white blood cell (WBC) count in the blood, serum levels of oxidant and antioxidant biomarkers, total protein (TP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung pathology were investigated in control group (C), sensitized group (S), and sensitized groups treated with A. cepa and dexamethasone.
Results: Total and most differential WBC count, TP, NO2, NO3, MDA (malondialdehyde), and lung pathological scores were increased while lymphocytes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thiol were decreased in sensitized animals compared to controls (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001). Treatment with all concentrations of extract significantly improved total WBC, TP, NO2, NO3, interstitial fibrosis, and emphysema compared to the S group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Two higher concentrations of the extract significantly decreased neutrophil and monocyte count, malondialdehyde, bleeding and epithelial damage but increased lymphocyte, CAT, and thiol compared to the S group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Dexamethasone treatment also substantially improved most measured parameters (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), but it did not change eosinophil percentage. It was proposed that A. cepa extract could affect lung inflammation and oxidative stress in sensitized rats.
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29. Shakeri F, Roshan NM, Boskabady MH. Hydro-ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa affects tracheal responsiveness and lung pathology in ovalbumin-sensitized rats. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2020;90:141–150. 10.1024/0300-9831/a000524
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32. Almogren A, Shakoor Z, Adam M. Garlic and onion sensitization among Saudi patients screened for food allergy: a hospital based study. Afr Health Sci. 2013;13:689–693. 10.4314/ahs.v13i3.24
2. Méndez-Enríquez E, Hallgren J. Mast cells and their progenitors in allergic asthma. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1–24. 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00821
3. Sahebari M, Shakeri F, Azadi HG, Arjmand MH, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Parizadeh MR, et al. Pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship to disease activity. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2015;11:28–33. 10.2174/1573397111666150522094716
4. Ahmad A, Shameem M, Husain Q. Relation of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance with disease progression in patients with asthma. Ann Thorac Med. 2012;7:226–232. 10.4103/1817-1737.102182
5. Erzurum SC. New insights in oxidant biology in asthma. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016;13:35–39. 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201506-385MG
6. Forrester SJ, Kikuchi DS, Hernandes MS, Xu Q, Griendling KK. Reactive oxygen species in metabolic and inflammatory signaling. Circ Res. 2018;122:877–902. 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.311401
7. Qu J, Li Y, Zhong W, Gao P, Hu C. Recent developments in the role of reactive oxygen species in allergic asthma. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9:32–43. 10.21037/jtd.2017.01.05
8. Sahiner UM, Birben E, Erzurum S, Sackesen C, Kalayci O. Oxidative stress in asthma. World Allergy Organ J. 2011;4:151–158. 10.1097/WOX.0b013e318232389e
9. Barrios RJ, Kheradmand F, Batts LK, Corry DB. Asthma: pathology and pathophysiology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2006;130:447–451. 10.5858/2006-130-447-APAP
10. Nasri S, Anoush M, Khatami N. Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of fresh onion juice in experimental animals. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012;6:1679–1684. 10.5897/AJPP12.179
11. Dawud F, Dubo A, Yusuf N, Umar I. Effects of aqueous extract of Allium cepa (red onion) on ovalbumininduced allergic asthma in wistar rats. Bayero J. Pure Appl Sci. 2016;9:95–101. 10.4314/bajopas.v9i2.19
12. Ahn NK, Kang BK, Kim KBWR, Kim MJ, Bae NY, Park JH, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract from onion (Allium cepa L.) peel on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells and mice ears. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2015;44:1612–1620. 10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.11.1612
13. Nuutila AM, Puupponen-Pimiä R., Aarni M, Oksman-Caldentey KM. Comparison of antioxidant activities of onion and garlic extracts by inhibition of lipid peroxidation and radical scavenging activity. Food Chem. 2003;81:485–493. 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00476-4
14. Prakash D, Singh BN, Upadhyay G. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of phenols from onion (Allium cepa). Food Chem. 2007;102:1389–1393. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.063
15. Boskabady MH, Kaveh M, Shakeri F, Mohammadian Roshan N, Rezaee R. Alpha-linolenic acid ameliorates bronchial asthma features in ovalbumin-sensitized rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2019;71:1089–1099. 10.1111/jphp.13094
16. Ghorani V, Marefati N, Shakeri F, Rezaee R, Boskabady M, Boskabady MH. The effects of allium cepa extract on tracheal responsiveness, lung inflammatory cells and phospholipase A2 level in asthmatic rats. Iran J Aller Asthma Immunol. 2018;17(3):221–231.
17. Eftekhar N, Moghimi A, Boskabady MH, Kaveh M, Shakeri F. Ocimum basilicum affects tracheal responsiveness, lung inflammatory cells and oxidant-antioxidant biomarkers in sensitized rats. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2019;42(3):286–294. 10.1080/01480545.2018.1459672
18. Shakeri F, Roshan NM, Kaveh M, Eftekhar N, Boskabady MH. Curcumin affects tracheal responsiveness and lung pathology in asthmatic rats. Pharmacol Rep. 2018;70(5):981–987. 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.04.007
19. Shakeri F, Eftekhar N, Roshan NM, Rezaee R, Moghimi A, Boskabady MH. Rosmarinic acid affects immunological and inflammatory mediator levels and restores lung pathological features in asthmatic rats. Allergol Immunopathol. 2019;47:16–23. 10.1016/j.aller.2018.04.004
20. Qureshi S, Memon S, Laghari A, Ghanghro A. Metabolic total protein investigation in local industry workers exposed to acid anhydrides. Sindh Uni Res J. 2015;41:64–66.
21. Chinnala KM, Achanta P, Vangala VL, Elsani MM. Evaluation for nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of allium cepa linn. in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Evaluation. 2017;10:356–359. 10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i3.16271
22. Yang LL, Huang MS, Huang CC, Wang TH, Lin MC, Wu CC, et al. The association between adult asthma and superoxide dismutase and catalase gene activity. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011;156:373–380. 10.1159/000324448
23. Kelly FJ, Mudway I, Blomberg A, Frew A, Sandström T. Altered lung antioxidant status in patients with mild asthma. Lancet. 1999;354:482–483. 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01812-7
24. Gutierrez HH, Nieves B, Chumley P, Rivera A, Freeman BA. Nitric oxide regulation of superoxide-dependent lung injury: oxidant-protective actions of endogenously produced and exogenously administered nitric oxide. Free Radic Biol Med. 1996;21:43–52. 10.1016/0891-5849(95)02226-0
25. Sharma A, Bansal S, Nagpal R. Lipid peroxidation in bronchial asthma. Indian Pediatr. 2003;70:715–717. 10.1007/BF02724313
26. Patton EA, La Flamme AC, Pedras-Vasoncelos JA, Pearce EJ. Central role for interleukin-4 in regulating nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of T-cell proliferation and gamma interferon production in schistosomiasis. Infect Immun. 2002;70:177–184. 10.1128/IAI.70.1.177-184.2002
27. Ogunmodede O, Saalu L, Ogunlade B, Akunna G, Oyewopo A. An evaluation of the hypoglycemic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials of onion (Allium cepa L.) on alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Int J Pharmacol. 2012;8:21–29. 10.3923/ijp.2012.21.29
28. El-Soud N, Khalil M. Antioxidative effects of Allium cepa essential oil in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Maced J Med Sci. 2010;3:344–351. 10.3889/MJMS.1857-5773.2010.0118
29. Shakeri F, Roshan NM, Boskabady MH. Hydro-ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa affects tracheal responsiveness and lung pathology in ovalbumin-sensitized rats. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2020;90:141–150. 10.1024/0300-9831/a000524
30. Oliveira TT, Campos KM, Cerqueira-Lima AT, Carneiro TCB, da Silva Velozo E, Melo ICAR, et al. Potential therapeutic effect of Allium cepa L. and quercetin in a murine model of Blomia tropicalis induced asthma. DARU J Pharm Sci. 2015;23:18–24. 10.1186/s40199-015-0098-5
31. Albanesi M, Pasculli C, Giliberti L, Rossi MP, Di Bona D, Caiaffa MF, Macchia L. Immunological characterization of onion (Allium cepa) allergy. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2019;36:98–103. 10.5114/ada.2019.82829
32. Almogren A, Shakoor Z, Adam M. Garlic and onion sensitization among Saudi patients screened for food allergy: a hospital based study. Afr Health Sci. 2013;13:689–693. 10.4314/ahs.v13i3.24
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