Differences in sleep quality and body mass index in asthmatic children and healthy control group

Main Article Content

Ozden Gokçek
Ufuk Yurdalan
Esra Dogru Huzmelia
Cigdem El

Keywords

body mass index, obesity, pediatric asthma, sleep quality

Abstract

Introduction: Childhood asthma has become a serious public health problem. Obesity has been determined to be one of the risk factors of asthma.


Aim: We aimed to determine the difference in body mass index (BMI) and sleep quality in pediatric asthmatic individuals compared to their peers.


Method: Thirty children aged 8–17 years were followed up in the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic for asthma along with 30 healthy children. The BMI percentile values of the children were recorded. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality.


Results: Each group in our study had 10 girls and 20 boys. The mean age was found to be 11.76 ± 2.69 years in asthma group and 11.33 ± 2.29 years in the healthy group. The asthma group were found to be more obese than the healthy group (P = 0.033). There was a significant difference between groups interested in a sport (P = 0.028) and sleep quality (P = 0.007).


Conclusion: It was observed that the asthma group had more obesity and poorer sleep quality than the healthy group. Further, it was determined that in the asthma group, the level of interest in any sport was less than that in the healthy group. We think that high obesity in the asthma group reduces the effect of corticosteroids, and the continuity of nighttime cough symptoms causes deterioration in sleep quality. We conclude that participation in sports activities should be encouraged to reduce the level of obesity in asthmatic children.

Abstract 887 | PDF Downloads 690 HTML Downloads 235 XML Downloads 20

References

1. World Health Organization. WHO report of the commission on ending childhood obesity, 2016; https://www.who.int/end-childhood-obesity/publications/echo-report/en/. Accessed 07 July 2019.

2. To T, Stanojevic S, Moores G, Gershon AS, Bateman ED, Cruz AA, et al. Global asthma prevalence in adults: Fndings from the cross-sectional world health survey. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:204. 10.1186/1471-2458-12-204

3. Lin SC, Lin HW, Chiang BL. Association of croup with asthma in children: A cohort study. Medicine. 2017;96:e7667. [Cross Ref] [PubMed] 10.1097/MD.0000000000007667

4. Global Initiative for Asthma-GINA. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention.Bethesda, MD: Global Initiative for Asthma-GINA; 2016. http://ginasthma.org. Accessed 30 Jun 2016.

5. Góralska M, Majewska–Szczepanik M, Szczepanik M. Immunological mechanisms involved in obesity and their role in metabolic syndrome. Postepy Hig. 2015;69:1384–1404 (in Polish).

6. Younes M. Contributions of upper airway mechanics and control mechanisms to severity of obstructive apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Sep 15;168(6):645-58. 10.1164/rccm.200302-201OC

7. Granell R, Henderson AJ, Evans DM, Smith GD, Ness AR, Lewis S, et al. Effects of BMI, fat mass, and lean mass on asthma in childhood: a Mendelian randomization study. PLoS Med. 2014;11(7):e1001669. 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001669

8. Chen YC, Chih AH, Chen JR, Liou TH, Pan WH, Lee YL. Rapid adiposity growth increases risks of new-onset asthma and airway inflammation in children. Int. J. Obes. 2017;41(7):1035–41. 10.1038/ijo.2017.67

9. Holgate ST, Wenzel S, Postma DS, Weiss ST, Renz H, Sly PD. Asthma. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2015;1:15025. 10.1038/nrdp.2015.25.

10. van Maanen A, Wijga AH, Gehring U, Postma DS, Smit HA, Oort FJ, et al. Sleep in children with asthma: Results of the PIAMA study. Eur Respir J. 2013;41(4):832–7. 10.1183/09031936.00019412

11. González-Núnez V, Valero AL, Mullol J. Impact of sleep as a specific marker of quality of life in allergic rhinitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2013;13:131–41. 10.1007/s11882-012-0330-z

12. Magee CL. Asthma. In: Campbell SK (2nd editör). Physical therapy for children. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders 2000; 764–85.

13. van Veldhoven NH, Vermeer A, Bogaard JM, Hessels MG, Wijnroks L, Colland VT, et al. Children with asthma and physical exercise: Effects of an exercise programme. Clin Rehabil. 2001;15:360–70. 10.1191/026921501678310162

14. Chen Z, Salam MT, Alderete TL, Habre R, Bastain TM, Berhane K, et al. Effects of childhood asthma on the development of obesity among school-aged children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(9):1181–8. 10.1164/rccm.201608-1691OC

15. Neyzi O, Bundak R, Gökçay G, Günöz H, Furman A, Darendeliler F, Baş F. Reference Values for Weight, Height, Head Circumference, and Body Mass Index in Turkish Children. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2015 Dec;7(4):280-93. 10.4274/jcrpe.2183

16. Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, et al. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005;26:319–38.

17. Agargun MY, Kara H, Anlar O. The Validity and Reliability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry1996;7:107–11.

18. Kim CK, Callaway Z, Fujisawa T. Infection, eosinophilia and childhood asthma. Asia Pac Allergy. 2012;2:3–14. 10.5415/apallergy.2012.2.1.3

19. Peters U, Dixon A, Forno E Obesity and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(4):1169–79. 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.02.004

20. Kumar S, Kelly AS. Review of childhood obesity: From epidemiology, etiology, and comorbidities to clinical assessment and treatment Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2017;92(2):251–65.10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.09.017

21. Lugogo NL, Kraft M, Dixon AE. Does obesity produce a distinct asthma phenotype. J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(3):729–34. 10.1152/japplphysiol.00845.2009

22. Peters-Golden M, Swern A, Bird SS, Hustad CM, Grant E, Edelman JM. Influence of body mass index on the response to asthma controller agents. Eur Respir J. 2006;27:495–503 [PubMed] [Google Scholar]. 10.1183/09031936.06.00077205

23. Lang JE, Hossain J, Smith K, Lima JJ. Asthma severity, exacerbation risk and controller treatment burden in underweight and obese children. J Asthma. 2012;49(5):456–63. 10.3109/02770903.2012.677895

24. Flores G, Snowden-Bridon C, Torres S, Perez R, Walter T, Brotanek J, et al. Urban minority children with asthma: Substantial morbidity, compromised quality and access to specialists, and the importance of poverty and specialty care. J Asthma. 2009;46:392–8. 10.1080/02770900802712971.

25. Cawley J. The economics of childhood obesity. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010;29(3):364–71. 10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0721

26. Carrillo G, Patron MJ, Johnson N, Zhong Y, Lucio R, Xu X. Asthma prevalence and school-related hazardous air pollutants in the US-Mexico border area. Environ Res. 2018;162:41–8. 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.057

27. Kırmızıbekmez H, Doğru M, Gerenli N, Öztürkmen S, Mutlu Yeşiltepe G. Astım ve alerjik rinitli çocuklarda büyümenin değerlendirilmesi ve Obezite. İlişkisi J Child. 2018;18(2):78–85. 10.5222/j.child.2018.53254

28. Meyer A, Machnick MA, Behnke W, Braumann KM. Participation of asthmaic children in gymnastic lessons at school. Pneumologie. 2002;56(8): 486–92. 10.1055/s-2002-33314-1

29. Sawyer SM, Fardy HJ. Bridging the gap between doctors’ and patients’ expectations of asthma management. J Asthma. 2003;40 (2):131–8. 10.1081/JAS-120017983

30. Glazebrook C, McPherson AC, Macdonald IAS, Ramsay C, Newbould R, Smyth A. Asthma as a barrier to children’s physical activity: Implications for body mass index and mental health. Pediatrics. 2006;118(6):2443–9. 10.1542/peds.2006-1846

31. Stores G, Ellis AJ, Wiggs L, Crawford C, Thomson A. Sleep and psychological disturbance in nocturnal asthma. Arch Dis Child. 1998;78:413–9. 10.1136/adc.78.5.413